Ontario’s Legal Working Age Explained

When it comes to employment opportunities for young individuals, knowing the legal working age in Ontario is essential for both employers and job seekers. Ontario has specific labor regulations in place to ensure the health, safety, and education of youth while they start entering the workforce. Whether you're a student looking for your first job or a business planning to hire minors, understanding these laws helps promote fair and lawful employment practices.

What Is the Legal Working Age in Ontario?

In Ontario, the minimum age at which a person can legally work depends on the industry. Generally, the Employment Standards Act (ESA) governs the rights and responsibilities of both employees and employers in the province. According to ESA regulations:

• 14 years old is the minimum age for work in most retail and hospitality sectors (e.g., stores, offices, and restaurants).

• 15 years old is the minimum age for construction and factory work.

• 16 years old is the minimum for working in logging operations, mining plants, and surface mines.

• 18 years old is required for underground mines and window cleaning above ground level.

These age thresholds ensure that minors are not exposed to hazardous working environments that could compromise their safety or well-being.

Exceptions and Special Considerations

While these age limits form the general framework, there are exceptions and industry-specific considerations:

• Agriculture: Children under 14 can work on family farms with supervision, although specific rules may vary.

• Film and Television Industry: Young performers are allowed to work under strict guidelines, often requiring permits and limited hours.

• Newspaper Delivery: Children as young as 12 may be employed in roles such as delivering newspapers or flyers.

It’s important to remember that employment of minors may still be subject to additional conditions, such as obtaining parental consent or restricting the number of hours worked.

Education Comes First

In Ontario, children under the age of 16 must attend school. The Education Act mandates that schooling is compulsory up to age 18, with some exceptions. This means that jobs offered to students must not interfere with their school schedule.

Employers should ensure that the hours of work, particularly for students under 18, do not conflict with school obligations. For example:

• Students can work only up to 8 hours per day and 48 hours per week.

• Overtime rules still apply for those under 18.

• Youth must receive scheduled meal breaks, rest periods, and days off in line with ESA.

Hours of Work and Conditions for Young Workers

Ontario’s employment laws set clear boundaries to protect younger workers. Here are some key guidelines:

• No night shifts: Workers under 18 cannot work during certain hours (typically between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.) depending on the industry.

• Safety training: Employers are required to provide health and safety training to all employees, especially important for inexperienced youth.

• Supervision: Young workers should be properly supervised and must be assigned tasks that are appropriate to their skill and maturity levels.

Employer Responsibilities and Compliance

Employers have a duty to comply with both the Employment Standards Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act when hiring individuals under 18. Failure to comply with these regulations can lead to penalties or legal consequences.

Some employer responsibilities include:

• Verifying the age of young applicants.

• Ensuring the working environment is safe and non-hazardous.

• Keeping accurate records of hours worked and duties assigned.

• Providing adequate supervision and support.

If you're unsure about your obligations, consulting an employment lawyer or a legal advisor is a wise move to ensure compliance.

Youth Employment Programs and Opportunities

The Ontario government supports youth employment through various programs:

• Youth Job Connection: Offers training and paid job placements.

• Summer Jobs Service: Assists students in securing summer employment.

• Skills Development Programs: Help prepare young people for full-time work or apprenticeships.

These programs are valuable not only for job seekers but also for employers looking to hire enthusiastic and trainable young talent.

Conclusion

Understanding the legal working age in Ontario is crucial for fostering safe and lawful employment for young people. Whether you're a business owner planning to hire minors or a youth stepping into your first job, staying informed ensures a productive and compliant work experience.

If you’re an employer or parent seeking more guidance on Ontario’s youth employment laws, Dharsi Law is here to help. With a strong background in employment standards and legal compliance, our team can provide the insights and support you need to navigate the hiring process confidently.