GERD, Gastritis, and Ulcers: What’s the Difference?

Digestive issues such as heartburn, stomach pain, or indigestion are common, but not always easy to understand. Conditions like GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), gastritis, and stomach ulcers may share overlapping symptoms, yet they differ significantly in their causes and treatment approaches. Recognising the distinctions can help guide individuals toward appropriate medical care.

These conditions may range from mild discomfort to more serious, chronic disorders that require medical attention. Misinterpreting symptoms can lead to delays in treatment or worsening of the condition. Understanding what sets each of these gastrointestinal issues apart is the first step toward effective management and improved digestive health.

GERD: More Than Occasional Reflux

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach content flows back into the esophagus - the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach. This backflow, known as acid reflux, irritates the lining of the esophagus and can lead to long-term discomfort or complications if not properly managed.

Unlike occasional heartburn, GERD involves frequent or persistent symptoms that often interfere with daily life. Common symptoms of GERD include:

•   A burning sensation in the chest (heartburn)

•  Sour or bitter taste in the mouth

•  Discomfort after meals or when lying down

•   Persistent cough or throat irritation

If these symptoms occur frequently, it may indicate an underlying condition that requires further assessment. Specialists such as Dr Fernandes Mark Lee, who manages a broad range of gastrointestinal concerns, often evaluate GERD cases through endoscopy or pH testing when needed.

 Gastritis: Inflammation of the Stomach Lining

Gastritis refers to inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining. It can be caused by various factors, including excessive alcohol intake, prolonged use of NSAIDs, stress, or Helicobacter pylori infection. Symptoms may include:

•  Upper abdominal discomfort or burning

•   Nausea or vomiting

•   Feeling full quickly while eating

•   Loss of appetite

Medical professionals like Dr Fernandes Mark Lee, who diagnose and manage digestive conditions, may recommend investigations such as a breath test or endoscopy to confirm the cause of gastritis and advise on appropriate treatment options.

Stomach Ulcers: A More Severe Form of Damage

Stomach or peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, often due to an imbalance between digestive fluids or the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Symptoms are often more intense and include:

•              Burning pain that improves or worsens with eating

•              Bloating, burping, or indigestion

•              In some cases, vomiting blood or black stools

Ulcers are often linked to H. pylori infection or long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use. Left untreated, they can lead to complications such as bleeding or perforation. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through endoscopy and managed with a combination of medication and dietary modifications.

 Knowing When to Seek Help

Although GERD, gastritis, and ulcers can feel similar, understanding the underlying condition is essential for effective management. Persistent or worsening symptoms should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. With timely diagnosis and treatment, most gastrointestinal issues can be managed successfully and without long-term complications.